1. Vagrant

Vagrant是一个基于Ruby的工具，用于创建和部署虚拟化开发环境。它默认可以使用Oracle的开源VirtualBox虚拟化系统，简单的部署需要的测试或者开发环境。

官网：Vagrant
下载：download
文档：docs

2. 简单的例子

2.1 创建虚拟机

想用vagrant创建虚拟机，首先需要有box，可以到网上下载现成的box也可以自己创建。

2.1.1 下载`box`或者创建`box`

可以到https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search挑选自己喜欢的镜像，其中还有使用的方法等。

$ mkdir new_dir
$ cd new_dir
$ vagrant init ubuntu/trusty64   # 自动下载，并初始化生成Vagrantfile
$ vagrant up # 启动虚拟机

在我的vrtualbox里有一个在用的虚拟机new-lfs，使用它来创建一个名为LFS的box。

localhost:my_lfs$ vagrant package -h
Usage: vagrant package [options] [name|id]

Options:

        --base NAME                  Name of a VM in VirtualBox to package as a base box (VirtualBox Only)
        --output NAME                Name of the file to output
        --include FILE,FILE..        Comma separated additional files to package with the box
        --vagrantfile FILE           Vagrantfile to package with the box
    -h, --help                       Print this help
localhost:my_lfs$ vagrant package --base new-lfs --output lfs.box
==> new-lfs: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
    new-lfs: Guest communication could not be established! This is usually because
    new-lfs: SSH is not running, the authentication information was changed,
    new-lfs: or some other networking issue. Vagrant will force halt, if
    new-lfs: capable.
==> new-lfs: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> new-lfs: Exporting VM...
==> new-lfs: Compressing package to: /my_lfs/lfs.box
localhost:my_lfs$ du -sh lfs.box 
1.1G	lfs.box

2.1.2 导入`box`

也可以直接下载别人创建好的box，然后导入到自己的vagrant环境中。

直接下载一个box文件
$ wget http://box_url/box_name.box
# 将这个box导入到自己的环境中
$ vagrant box add ./box_name.box
or 需要自定义box名称的话，增加--name
$ vagrant box add --name box_name ./box_name.box
查看box状态
$ vagrant box status

vagrant box add 用法

localhost:vag_test$ vagrant box add
This command was not invoked properly. The help for this command is
available below.

Usage: vagrant box add [options] <name, url, or path>

Options:

    -c, --clean                      Clean any temporary download files
    -f, --force                      Overwrite an existing box if it exists
        --insecure                   Do not validate SSL certificates
        --cacert FILE                CA certificate for SSL download
        --capath DIR                 CA certificate directory for SSL download
        --cert FILE                  A client SSL cert, if needed
        --location-trusted           Trust 'Location' header from HTTP redirects and use the same credentials for subsequent urls as for the initial one
        --provider PROVIDER          Provider the box should satisfy
        --box-version VERSION        Constrain version of the added box

The box descriptor can be the name of a box on HashiCorp's Vagrant Cloud,
or a URL, or a local .box file, or a local .json file containing
the catalog metadata.

The options below only apply if you're adding a box file directly,
and not using a Vagrant server or a box structured like 'user/box':

        --checksum CHECKSUM          Checksum for the box
        --checksum-type TYPE         Checksum type (md5, sha1, sha256)
        --name BOX                   Name of the box
    -h, --help                       Print this help

导入测试：

localhost:my_lfs$ vagrant box add --name LFS ./lfs.box 
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'LFS' (v0) for provider: 
    box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///Users/myname/GitHub/my_lfs/lfs.box
==> box: Successfully added box 'LFS' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!
localhost:my_lfs$ vagrant box list
LFS              (virtualbox, 0)

2.1.3 启动虚拟机

# 使用init来创建Vagrantfile
localhost:my_lfs$ vagrant init
# 修改Vagrantfile，这里就修改一下box的名称，默认为base，修改为LFS
localhost:my_lfs$ cat Vagrantfile |grep vm.box
  config.vm.box = "base"
localhost:my_lfs$ vim Vagrantfile 
localhost:my_lfs$ cat Vagrantfile |grep vm.box
  config.vm.box = "LFS"
# 启动虚拟机
localhost:my_lfs$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'LFS'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: my_lfs_default_1521257880384_55206
==> default: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2200.
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2200 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    some error...

虽然能启动虚拟机，但是仍有一些问题，需要安装增强功能 。

3. Vagrantfile编写

3.1 一个`vagrantfile`

######## 定义一些全局参数 ############
io1_disk1 = './vdisk/io1_disk1.vdi'
io2_disk1 = './vdisk/io2_disk1.vdi'
io3_disk1 = './vdisk/io3_disk1.vdi'
io4_disk1 = './vdisk/io4_disk1.vdi'

######## 开始配置
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  ### 定义一些其他配置
  config.ssh.username = "vagrant"
  config.ssh.password = "vagrant"
  
################################ 开始配置虚拟机 #####################
################################ io1 ###############################
    config.vm.define :"io1" do |io|
      io.vm.box = "centos7-standard-v2"
      io.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.56.191"
      io.vm.hostname = "io1"
      io.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
      io.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
        v.name = "io1"
        #v.gui = true
        unless File.exist?(io1_disk1)
        v.customize ['createhd', '--filename', io1_disk1,'--size', 1 * 20480]
        v.customize ['storageattach', :id,  '--storagectl', 'SATA', '--port', 1, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', io1_disk1]
        end
      end
    end
################################ end ################################
# io2...
# io3...
# io4...
end

4. 对虚拟机的基本操作

$ vagrant up   # 启动虚拟机
$ vagrant halt  # 关闭虚拟机
$ vagrant destroy   # 删除虚拟机
$ vagrant ssh vm_name # 连接虚拟机

5. 一个例子

5.1 使用centos6.5创建一个vagrant box

安装操作系统

最小安装

安装virtualbox增强功能

[root@cio ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@cio ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@cio mnt]# ls
32Bit        cert          VBoxLinuxAdditions.run          VBoxWindowsAdditions-x86.exe
64Bit        OS2           VBoxSolarisAdditions.pkg
AUTORUN.INF  runasroot.sh  VBoxWindowsAdditions-amd64.exe
autorun.sh   TRANS.TBL     VBoxWindowsAdditions.exe
[root@cio mnt]# ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run 
# 注意需要安装make，perl，gcc等，使用echo $?安装结果

创建vagrant用户

# 创建用户vagrant
[root@cio mnt] useradd -m vagrant
# 修改密码为vagrant
[root@cio mnt] passwd vagrant

修改sudo配置

[root@cio mnt] visudo
# visudo，在root ALL行下增加两行
vagrant ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
Defaults:vagrant !requiretty

创建box 并导入

# 在宿主机操作
localhost:~$ vagrant package --base c65-base 
==> c65-base: Attempting graceful shutdown of VM...
    c65-base: Guest communication could not be established! This is usually because
    c65-base: SSH is not running, the authentication information was changed,
    c65-base: or some other networking issue. Vagrant will force halt, if
    c65-base: capable.
==> c65-base: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> c65-base: Exporting VM...
==> c65-base: Compressing package to: /Users/package.box
localhost:~$ vagrant box add --name centos-6.5-base ./package.box 
==> box: Box file was not detected as metadata. Adding it directly...
==> box: Adding box 'centos-6.5-base' (v0) for provider: 
    box: Unpacking necessary files from: file:///Users/package.box
==> box: Successfully added box 'centos-6.5-base' (v0) for 'virtualbox'!
localhost:~$ vagrant box list
centos-6.5-base     (virtualbox, 0)

创建一个vagrantfile

localhost:cluster2$ cat Vagrantfile 

cio1_disk1 = './vdisk/cio1_disk1.vdi'

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.ssh.username = "vagrant"
  config.ssh.password = "vagrant"
################################ cio1 ###############################
    config.vm.define :"cio1" do |io|
      io.vm.box = "centos-6.5-base"
      io.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.56.181"
      io.vm.hostname = "cio1"
      io.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
      io.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
        v.name = "cio1"
        #v.gui = true
        unless File.exist?(cio1_disk1)
        v.customize ['createhd', '--filename', cio1_disk1,'--size', 1 * 20480]
        v.customize ['storageattach', :id,  '--storagectl', 'SATA', '--port', 1, '--device', 0, '--type', 'hdd', '--medium', cio1_disk1]
        end
      end
    end
################################ end ##############################
end

启动虚拟机

localhost:lustre_cluster2$ vagrant up cio1
Bringing machine 'cio1' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> cio1: Importing base box 'centos-6.5-base'...
==> cio1: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> cio1: Setting the name of the VM: cio1
==> cio1: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> cio1: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    cio1: Adapter 1: nat
    cio1: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> cio1: Forwarding ports...
    cio1: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> cio1: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> cio1: Booting VM...
==> cio1: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    cio1: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    cio1: SSH username: vagrant
    cio1: SSH auth method: password
    cio1: 
    cio1: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    cio1: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    cio1: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> cio1: Machine booted and ready!
==> cio1: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> cio1: Setting hostname...
==> cio1: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
    cio1: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    cio1: SSH username: vagrant
    cio1: SSH auth method: password
==> cio1: Mounting shared folders...
    cio1: /vagrant => /Users/GitHub/cluster2

6.vagrantfile

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|


    config.vm.define :"mn01" do |io|
      io.vm.box = "rhel6.9"
      io.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.56.103"
      io.vm.hostname = "mn01"
      io.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
    end

    config.vm.define :"io1" do |io|
      io.vm.box = "rhel6.9-v2"
      io.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.56.101"
      io.vm.hostname = "io1"
      io.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
    end
    config.vm.define :"io2" do |io|
      io.vm.box = "rhel6.9-v2"
      io.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.56.102"
      io.vm.hostname = "io2"
      io.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
    end

# for i in 1..8 do  有报错
  (1..8).each do |i|
    config.vm.define :"cn#{i}" do |io|
      io.vm.box = "rhel6.9"
      io.vm.network :private_network, ip: "192.168.56.11#{i}"
      io.vm.hostname = "cn#{i}"
      io.ssh.shell = "bash -c 'BASH_ENV=/etc/profile exec bash'"
    end
  end

end

Vagrant使用的几个简单例子

2018-03-17 vagrant virtualbox

1. Vagrant

2. 简单的例子

2.1 创建虚拟机

2.1.1 下载`box`或者创建`box`

2.1.2 导入`box`

2.1.3 启动虚拟机

3. Vagrantfile编写

3.1 一个`vagrantfile`

4. 对虚拟机的基本操作

5. 一个例子

5.1 使用centos6.5创建一个vagrant box

6.vagrantfile

1. Vagrant

2. 简单的例子

2.1 创建虚拟机

2.1.1 下载box或者创建box

2.1.2 导入box

2.1.3 启动虚拟机

3. Vagrantfile编写

3.1 一个vagrantfile

4. 对虚拟机的基本操作

5. 一个例子

5.1 使用centos6.5创建一个vagrant box

6.vagrantfile

2.1.1 下载`box`或者创建`box`

2.1.2 导入`box`

3.1 一个`vagrantfile`